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关键词： forensic science   mass burials   geoscience   missing persons   human rights   GIS   resistivity  

摘要： Colombian forensic investigators required assistance locating clandestine burials of missing persons related to human right atrocities from 14 years ago. Geoscientific search methods were trialled, including a predictive spatial statistical model, using various input and database information, to select the most likely grave locations in difficult mountainous terrain. Groundwork using forensic geomorphology, near-surface geophysics (ERT) and subsequent probing identified suspect burial positions. One site was in mountainous terrain and the other in former school grounds, both difficult to access and in poor weather conditions. In the mountainous area, a negative resistivity anomaly area was identified and intrusively investigated, found to be a buried rock. In school grounds, after MESP and intelligence were used to identify a burial site, surface depressions were identified, and ERT datasets collected over the highest priority depression;intrusive investigations discovered a hand-dug pit containing animal bones. This approach is suggested for Latin American searches.

关键词： Local collaborative ranking   Spatial similarity   Spatial favor   Point-of-Interest recommendation  

摘要： Point-of-Interest recommendation is a task of personalized ranking prediction on a set of locations for users. The problem of data sparsity is much severe in POI recommendation, as users usually visit only a few POIs concentrated on a limited number of types, relative to the enormous whole POIs. However, he/she has different personalized favors on each type. Based on this phenomenon, we assume the user-POI matrix is locally low-rank instead of globally low-rank, then we put forward to utilize local collaborative ranking (LCR) for POI recommendation, which could mitigate the sparsity of check-in data. Especially, POIs visited by a user always scatter on limited spatial areas, and POI is usually popular in a local scope. There exists spatial local property in users' check-in behavior. Moreover, to represent the spatial local property, we propose spatial similarity in the first time. With spatial similarity, LCR can find more latent neighborhoods in its local matrices and construct the local matrices much accurately. Besides, user's preference to POI includes not only general favor but also spatial favor. So spatial favor is introduced in our model. We utilize spatial similarity and spatial favor to mix geographical information into local collaborative ranking seamlessly, proposing our model MG-LCR (Mix Geographical information into Local Collaborative Ranking). Experiments show that, MG-LCR model can reflect users' preference to POIs more accurately and outperform the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： HIV   Neurocysticercosis   Zambia   MRI   Africa  

摘要： Background: Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the brain and a leading cause of epilepsy in resource-limited settings. Although neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfections have commonly been reported, there are few data on how they interact. As part of an observational study of human immunodeficiency virus and cognition in Lusaka, Zambia, we identified a cluster of subjects with neurocysticercosis. We hypothesized that the neighborhood of residence may be an important factor driving clustering of neurocysticercosis and used a geographic information systems approach to investigate this association. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with human immunodeficiency virus and 13 subjects without human immunodeficiency virus (aged eight to 17 years) enrolled in the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia study, had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed, and were evaluated for neurocysticercosis. Quantitative geographic information systems was utilized to investigate the relationship between neighborhood of residence, HIV, and neurocysticercosis. Results: Three of 34 subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (8.82%) and one of 13 controls were found to have neurocysticercosis. Geographic cluster analysis demonstrated that all subjects with neurocysticercosis were clustered in two adjacent neighborhoods (Chawama and Kanyama) with lower rates of piped water (Chawama: 22.8%, Kanyama: 26.7%) and flush toilets (Chawama: 14.0%, Kanyama: 14.0%) than the surrounding neighborhoods. Conclusion: We describe a cluster of patients with both neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus in Lusaka. Cases of neurocysticercosis clustered in neighborhoods with low rates of piped water and limited access to flush toilets. Geographic information systems may be a useful approach for studying the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus and neurocysticercosis. Larger studies are necessary to further investigate this

关键词： Geographic information system (GIS)   Land administration system (LAS)   Integrated real estate information system (IREIS)   Fit-for-purpose LAS   Degraded (problematic deprived) urban areas  

摘要： Suburbanization leads to urban sprawl, and it contributes to the depopulation of cities, underinvestment in urban infrastructure and, in combination with population ageing, to urban degradation. Conscious land administration and sustainable spatial policies are needed to prevent such processes. The parties responsible for spatial planning (municipal decision makers: planners, administration authorities and property administrators) are only able to make optimal decisions if they are well informed about the processes occurring in urbanized areas. For this reason, decision makers have to be provided with access to valid and reliable data on the legal and spatial status of land. This study was conducted on the assumption that a cohesive system is required for collecting and creating access to comprehensive data to identify degraded urban areas. Poland does not have a uniform geographic information system supporting policy makers in this matter. The following research hypothesis was formulated for the needs of this study: as a sub-module of the Integrated Real Estate Information System (IREIS), the proposed Geographic Information System for the Identification of Degraded Urban Areas (GIS-IDUA) will streamline the process of identifying degraded areas. The IREIS is a Polish land administration system which integrates public real estate registers and provides information about various processes occurring in urbanized areas. This article attempts to determine whether the Polish LAS, referred to as the IREIS, can supply the public administration with the data and tools required for the identification of degraded urban areas. This goal was achieved by evaluating the degree of data overlap between the GIS-IDUA and the currently developed IREIS. Data required for the identification of problematic urban areas were selected and grouped for the needs of the conducted analysis. The results of the study validated the research hypothesis.

关键词： 互联网+   测绘   地理信息   信息服务  

摘要： '互联网+'时代的到来,对测绘地理信息服务的发展产生了重大的影响,并且提供了新的工作思路.为了更好地适应新的发展要求,本文分析了'互联网+'时代对测绘地理信息服务带来的机遇和挑战,并提出相应的建议,从而推动我国测绘地理信息服务稳定健康发展.

关键词： 城市测绘   地理信息系统   GIS   应用  

摘要： 随着当前城市的不断发展,要加强对城市的合理测绘,应用新型测绘方法,借助新技术进行数据采集、处理、分析、存储、管理,以满足现代化城市发展的需求.因此,本文阐述地理信息系统的含义,以及城市信息系统GIS在城市测绘中的应用优势,着重阐述其在加强多源信息采集、绘制智慧城市专题信息地图、建立时空信息数据平台等方面的应用.GIS地理信息系统凭借其强大的空间数据处理分析能力,为当下的智慧城市的建立提供技术支撑和应用策略,进一步推动城市化的发展和城市社会工作的有序开展.

关键词： 无人机   倾斜摄影   测量技术   地理信息   竣工测量  

摘要： 随着人们对无人机摄影测量技术研究的不断深入,摄影测量技术得到了快速发展,其在测绘领域中取得了不错的应用效果。文章针对无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在规划竣工测量中的应用情况进行探讨,希望文中内容对相关工作人员,以及规划竣工测量工作有所帮助。

关键词： 地理   信息   系统   测绘工程  

摘要： 地理信息系统早在二十世纪六十年代就开始迅速发展起来,该技术融合了计算机科学、地图学、地理学以及测绘遥感学等多个学科,基于地理空间,通过地理模型分析法来获取各种空间信息、动态地理信息等,在测绘过程中发挥了较为明显的优势,不仅能够提升测绘效率和质量,同时也有效提升了测绘的精度.因此,加强地理信息系统在测绘工程中的应用有着非常重要的作用.

关键词： 地理信息系统(GIS)   工程测量   应用与研究  

摘要： 随着城市化的进程加快,建筑工程量也随之增大.地理信息技术的发展为提高工程测绘的精确度和效率做出了重要的贡献.其中快速发展的地理信息系统(GIS)能够有效的输入和输出各种空间属性资源,为数据的采集,输入以及分析提供了一个精确快速以及有效的科学分析方法.本文主要探讨GIS在工程测量中的优势,应用以及未来的发展,为选择工程测量手段提供一点参考.

摘要： 风景园林:人居·城市·自然的和谐之道大多数人听到'风景园林'专业的时候,都会与风景区、公园联系起来,但这只是风景园林的一小部分.实际上,风景园林涵盖的范围非常广泛,从庭院到公园,还有城市道路绿化设计,甚至到土地的利用,自然资源的管理,整个区域的发展研究,都与风景园林关系密切.这样一个关注多元化的专业,到底是怎样的呢?